Doha Development Agenda
Agreement on Agriculture
Beyond the Agreement on Agriculture
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS). Official site for data on current U.S. trade; data on supply and demand (including imports and exports) for major trading partners; current world market and trade reports (and attache reports); and information on the agricultural trade and agricultural policies of foreign countries.
FAS-WTO and the U.S. Proposal for Global Agricultural Trade Reform. Information on the U.S. proposal for global agricultural trade reform, unveiled in July 2002, as well as background and related material.
USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service-International Marketing Services. Information and services for buyers and sellers of agricultural products in the global marketplace.
USDA Information on Free Trade Agreements. Information on the free trade agreements the United States has completed or is in the process of negotiating with several countries and regions.
United States Trade Representative (USTR). USTR is responsible for developing and implementing trade policies which promote world growth, support efforts to protect the environment and advance core labor standards.
International Organizations
World Trade Organization. The WTO is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. Official site includes information about the organization and its membership, and access to official WTO documents.
WTO Current Negotiations. A page on the WTO website that provides regularly updated government proposals, discussion, background, and other information on the WTO negotiations on agriculture.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)-Doha Development Agenda Texts and Explanations. WTO trade negotiations page on the FAO web site, which includes links to FAO studies and statistical data.
International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium (IATRC). Commissioned research papers, working papers, and conference proceedings related to research, policy analysis, and current developments in international agricultural trade.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)-Food, Agriculture, and Fisheries. The work of the OECD on agriculture includes agricultural policies, trade liberalization, and agriculture and the environment.
Other
Iowa State University, Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI)-WTO Associated Papers. Publications analysing WTO member's trade liberalization proposals, including the U.S. proposal.
Canadian Agricultural Trade Policy Research Network. Research papers on various topics including trade negotiations.
Doha Development Agenda
General Issues
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World Trade Organization and Globalization Help Facilitate Growth in Agricultural Trade, Amber Waves, June 2008
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Global Agriculture and the Doha Round: Market Access Is the Key, Amber Waves, September 2006
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Multilateralism and Regionalism: Dual Strategies for Trade Reform, Amber Waves, September 2003
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WTO: Competing Policy Issues and Agendas for Agricultural Trade, ERS and Farm Foundation workshop, September 2003
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Non-Trade Concerns: International Debate and U.S. Policy, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, June-July 2002
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The Current WTO Agricultural Negotiations: Options for Progress (Synthesis), International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Commissioned Paper, November 2001
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Agricultural Policy Reform in the WTO-The Road Ahead, Agricultural Economic Report, May 2001
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A Global Analysis of Agricultural Reform in WTO Member Countries, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Policy Reform in the WTO-The Road Ahead, May 2001
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The Road Ahead: Agricultural Policy Reform in the WTO-Summary Report, Agricultural Economic Report, January 2001
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WTO Negotiations: Potential Gains from Ag Policy Reform, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, January 2001
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The Use and Abuse of Multifunctionality, PDF icon (16x16) November 1999
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Fast-Track Authority: Issues for U.S. Agriculture, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, November 1997
Tariffs and Market Access
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Global Agriculture and the Doha Round: Market Access Is the Key, Amber Waves, September 2006
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Options for Reducing Agricultural Tariffs, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Policy Reform in the WTO-The Road Ahead, May 2001
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Liberalizing Tariff Rate Quotas, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Policy Reform in the WTO-The Road Ahead, May 2001
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Economics of Tariff-Rate Quota Administration, Technical Bulletin, April 2001
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Profiles of Tariffs in Global Agricultural Markets, Agricultural Economic Report, January 2001
- The WTO's Three Pillars: Vision and Reality and Increase Market Access, December 2000
Domestic Support
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Relaxing Fruit and Vegetable Planting Restrictions, Amber Waves, May 2007
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Eliminating Fruit and Vegetable Planting Restrictions: How Would Markets be Affected? Economic Research Report, November 2006
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Decoupled Payments in a Changing Policy Setting, Agricultural Economic Report, October 2004
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Decoupled Payments: Household Income Transfers in Contemporary U.S. Agriculture, Agricultural Economic Report, February 2003
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Commodity Policies of the U.S., EU, and Japan-How Similar? PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, December 2002
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Aligning U.S. Farm Policy with World Trade Commitments, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, January-February 2002
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Options for Reducing the Aggregate Measure of Support in OECD Countries, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Policy Reform in the WTO-The Road Ahead, May 2001
- The WTO's Three Pillars: Vision and Reality and Reduce Domestic Support, December 2000
Export Subsidies
Agreement on Agriculture
General Issues
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Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture: The Record to Date, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, December 1998
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Agriculture in the WTO, PDF icon (16x16) International Agriculture and Trade Report, December 1998
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Regional Trade Agreements and U.S. Agriculture, Agricultural Economic Report, November 1998
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Regional Trade Agreements and U.S. Agriculture: An Overview, Agriculture Information Bulletin, October 1998
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Agriculture and the WTO: The Road Ahead, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, December 1996
- Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) Issues Series (January 2001):
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Tariffs and Market Access
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Five Years of Tariff-Rate Quotas-A Status Report, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, November 2000
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Market Access Issues, PDF icon (16x16) Agriculture in the WTO, International Agriculture and Trade Report, December 1998
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Implementation of Uruguay Round Tariff Reductions, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, November 1999
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Agriculture and the Evolution of Tariff Bargaining, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, August 1999
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The Economics of TRQ Administration, PDF icon (16x16) International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Working Paper, May 1999
- Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) Issues Series (January 2001):
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Domestic Support
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U.S. Domestic Support Reduction Commitments and Notifications, ERS Farm and Commodity Policy Briefing Room, November 2005
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Domestic Farm Programs and the Upcoming WTO Negotiations, PDF icon (16x16) Choices, Third Quarter 1999, pp. 22-23 (reproduced with permission ofChoices)
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Domestic Support Commitments: A Preliminary Evaluation, PDF icon (16x16) Agriculture in the WTO, International Agriculture and Trade Report, December 1998
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U.S. Ag Policy-Well Below WTO Ceilings on Domestic Support, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, October 1997
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Agriculture, Trade, and the Environment: What Are the Concerns? PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, December 1996
- Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) Issues Series (January 2001):
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Export Subsidies
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An Introduction to State Trading in Agriculture, Agricultural Economic Report, November 1999
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Export Subsidy Commitments: Few Are Binding Yet, But Some Members Try To Evade Them, PDF icon (16x16) Agriculture in the WTO, International Agriculture and Trade Report, December 1998
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State Trading Enterprises in World Agricultural Trade, PDF icon (16x16) Agriculture in the WTO, International Agriculture and Trade Report, December 1998
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EU Export Subsidy Commitments Not Yet Binding, But Future Uncertain, PDF icon (16x16) Europe, International Agriculture and Trade Report, December 1997
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State Trading Enterprises: Their Role as Importers, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, November 1997
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U.S. Ag Policy-Well Below WTO Ceilings on Domestic Support, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, October 1997
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State Trading Enterprises: Their Role in World Markets, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, June 1997
- Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) Issues Series (January 2001):
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Commodity Issues
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Indian Wheat and Rice Sector Policies and the Implications for Policy Reform, Economic Research Report, May 2007
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The Role of Policy and Industry Structure in India's Oilseed Markets, Economic Research Report, April 2006
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The World Bids Farewell to the Multifiber Arrangement, Amber Waves, February 2006
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Trade Liberalization in International Dairy Markets: Estimated Impacts, Economic Research Report, February 2006
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Prospects for India's Emerging Apple Market, Fruit and Tree Nuts Outlook supplement, January 2006
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U.S. Dairy at a New Crossroads in a Global Setting, Amber Waves, November 2005
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The Forces Shaping World Cotton Consumption After the Multifiber Arrangement, Cotton and Wool Outlook supplement, April 2005
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China's Corn Exports: Business as Usual, Despite WTO Accession, Feed Outlook supplement, December 2002
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Vegetable Policies in Japan, Vegetables and Melons Outlook supplement, November 2002
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Assessing Economic Impacts of Liberalizing WTO Sugar Tariff Rates and Minimum Access Commitments by the United States, PDF icon (16x16) Sugar and Sweetener Situation and Outlook Yearbook, May 2001
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International Trade Agreements Bring Adjustments to the Textile and Apparel Industries, PDF icon (16x16) Rural Conditions and Trends, May 2000
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The Global Spin on Trade Policy for Cotton, AgExporter, March 2000
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Issues Facing the U.S. Peanut Industry During the Seattle Round of the World Trade Organization, PDF icon (16x16) Oil Crops Situation and Outlook Yearbook, October 1999
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U.S. Tariff-Rate Quotas for Peanuts, PDF icon (16x16) Oil Crops Situation and Outlook Yearbook, October 1999
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Impacts of the U.S. Marketing Loan Program for Soybeans, PDF icon (16x16) Oil Crops Situation and Outlook Yearbook, October 1999
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Rice Tariffication in Japan: What Does It Mean for Trade? PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, April 1999
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Auctioning Tariff Quotas for U.S. Sugar Imports, PDF icon (16x16) Sugar and Sweetener Situation and Outlook, May 1998
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Barriers to Trade in Global Apple Markets, PDF icon (16x16) Fruit and Tree Nuts Situation and Outlook, August 1997
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USDA Lifts Import Ban on Mexican Avocados, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, June 1997
- Commodity Backgrounders, Outlook report supplements
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Commodity Issues Series
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The New Agricultural Trade Negotiations: Background and Issues for the U.S. Beef Sector, Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook supplement, December 2001
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Trade Issues Facing U.S. Horticulture in the WTO Negotiations, Vegetables and Melons Outlook supplement, August 2001
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The New WTO Agricultural Trade Negotiations: Background and Issues for the U.S.Coarse Grain Market, PDF icon (16x16) Feed Situation and Outlook Yearbook, April 2001
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The New Agricultural Trade Negotiations: Background and Issues for the U.S. Cotton Sector, PDF icon (16x16) Cotton and Wool Situation Yearbook, November 2000
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International Dairy Markets and the WT, PDF icon (16x16) Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Situation and Outlook, August 29, 2000, pp. 7-15
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The New Agricultural Trade Negotiations: Background and Issues for the U.S. Wheat Sector, PDF icon (16x16) Wheat Situation and Outlook Yearbook, March 2000
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Upcoming World Trade Organization Negotiations: Issues for the U.S. Rice Sector, PDF icon (16x16) Rice Situation and Outlook Yearbook, November 1999
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Upcoming World Trade Organization Negotiations: Issues for the U.S. Oilseed Sector, PDF icon (16x16) Oil Crops Situation and Outlook Yearbook, October 1999
Country Issues
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Indian Wheat and Rice Sector Policies and the Implications for Policy Reform, Economic Research Report, May 2007
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The Role of Policy and Industry Structure in India's Oilseed Markets, Economic Research Report, April 2006
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Prospects for India's Emerging Apple Market, Fruit and Tree Nuts Outlook supplement, January 2006
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China's Exports Outpaced Imports During WTO Year One, U.S. Agricultural Trade Update supplement, August 2003
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Vegetable Policies in Japan, Vegetables and Melons Outlook supplement, November 2002
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China: En Route to a New Role in Global Agriculture, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, May 2002
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WTO Accession Will Increase China's Agricultural Imports, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, April 2002
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Taiwan's Trade Barriers To Recede with WTO Accession in Sight, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, November 2001
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India Relaxes Restraints on Agricultural Imports, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, November 2000
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China's WTO Accession Would Boost U.S. Ag Exports and Farm Income, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, March 2000
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WTO Pressures for Agricultural Policy Change, PDF icon (16x16) The EU's CAP: Pressures for Change, International Agriculture and Trade Report, October 1999
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Rice Tariffication in Japan: What Does It Mean for Trade? PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, April 1999
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TRQs Have Little Impact on EU Market Access, While CEEs May Benefit, PDF icon (16x16) Europe, International Agriculture and Trade Report, December 1997
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NIS and Baltic Countries Look To Join the WTO, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, November 1997
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WTO Accession for China and Taiwan: Potential Trade Impacts, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, July 1997
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The Impact of China and Taiwan Joining the World Trade Organization on U.S. and World Agricultural Trade: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis, Technical Bulletin, May 1997
Beyond the Agreement on Agriculture
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
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Linking Risk and Economic Assessments in the Analysis of Plant Pest Regulations: The Case of U.S. Imports of Mexican Avocados, Contractor and Cooperator Report, October 2006
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Regulatory Barriers in International Horticultural Markets, International Agriculture and Trade Report, January 2004
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Implementation of the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, PDF icon (16x16) Agriculture in the WTO, International Agriculture and Trade Report, December 1998
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Biotechnology in Agriculture Confronts Agreements in the WTO, PDF icon (16x16) Agriculture in the WTO, International Agriculture and Trade Report, December 1998
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USDA Lifts Import Ban on Mexican Avocados, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, June 1997
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Barriers to Trade in Global Apple Markets, PDF icon (16x16) Fruit and Tree Nuts Situation and Outlook, August 1997
Technical Barriers to Trade
Anti-Dumping/Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
Safeguards
General Agreement on Trade in Services
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
Dispute Settlement
WTO Accession
Developing Countries in the WTO
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Agricultural Trade Preferences and the Developing Countries, Economic Research Report, May 2005
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EU Preferential Trading Agreements: Heightened Competition for U.S., PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Outlook, December 2001
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Impacts of Agricultural Policy Reform on Low-Income Countries, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Policy Reform in the WTO-The Road Ahead, May 2001
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Welfare Implications of Liberalizing Preferential Quotas, PDF icon (16x16) Agricultural Policy Reform in the WTO-The Road Ahead, May 2001
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Implications of Trade Liberalization on Food Security of Low-Income Countries, Agriculture Information Bulletin, April 2001
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Low-Income Developing Countries and Trade Liberalization: An Overview of the Issues, PDF icon (16x16) Food Security Assessment, December 1999
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Trade Liberalization and the Sub-Saharan African Countries, PDF icon (16x16) Food Security Assessment, December 1999
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Trade Issues for Low-Income Countries in the Latin America and Caribbean Region, PDF icon (16x16) Food Security Assessment, December 1999
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Trade Liberalization and the South Asian Economies: Adjusting to the Challenges of Globalization, PDF icon (16x16) Food Security Assessment, December 1999
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Developing Countries' Issues in the WTO Related to Agriculture, PDF icon (16x16) Agriculture in the WTO, International Agriculture and Trade Report, December 1998
Data
Agricultural Market Access Database
The Agricultural Market Access Database (AMAD) is a collection of data and information for WTO members. It primarily consists of tariff schedules, tariff bindings, country notifications, import quantities, applied tariff rates, and other data useful in tariff analysis. Based in Microsoft Access and Excel, AMAD is a publicly available information tool for the analysis of WTO market access issues in agriculture. The database currently contains data for 50 countries, including documentation and examples. AMAD results from a cooperative effort by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; EU Commission, Agriculture Directorate-General; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); the World Bank; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD); and USDA Economic Research Service.
Data Included
- Base and bound Most Favored Nation (MFN) tariffs, including in-quota and over-quota rates
- Base and bound tariff quota volumes
- Implementation period for tariff and tariff-rate quota (TRQ) commitments
- Notified imports under TRQs
- Indication of Special Safeguards (SSG) application
- Import volume and value by harmonized system line
- TRQ country allocations
- Applied MFN tariffs
- Supply/utilization data
- World reference prices
- World import unit values
- Exchange rates
- Primary product equivalent factors
Data Sources
Other Data
World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) contains a framework for access and retrieval of information on trade and tariffs complied by various international organizations, including the U.N. COMTRADE database, UNCTAD TRAINS, and the WTO's Integrated Data Base (IDB) and Consolidated Tariff Schedule Data Base (CTS).
WTO Agricultural Trade Policy Commitments Database contains data on implementation of trade policy commitments by WTO member countries. Data on domestic support, export subsidies, and tariffs are organized for comparison across countries. This queriable database offers various options for viewing and downloading data. (Note: This data product has been archived and some of its features and functionality have been disabled)
Production, Supply, and Distribution (PS&D) contains official USDA data on production, supply, and distribution of agricultural commodities for the United States and major importing and exporting countries. The database provides projections for the coming year and historical data for more than 200 countries and major crop, livestock, fishery, and forest products.
Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States (FATUS) provides U.S. agricultural exports and imports, volume and value, by country, by commodity, and by calendar year, fiscal year, and month, for varying periods, such as 1935 to the present or 1989 to the present. Updated monthly or annually.